Low water pressure is a serious plumbing issue that can make doing even the simplest of tasks, like taking a shower or washing your hands, much harder. There are a variety of underlying problems that can cause a reduction, sudden or otherwise, in your home's water pressure: understanding what they are and how to fix them can help you get your plumbing system working properly again in no time.

Hard Water

The most common reason for low water pressure in your home is because of hard water. Dissolved calcium and other minerals can form a chalk-like mineral deposit in your pipes and on your water fixtures, blocking the flow of water. If you can spot a white mineral buildup on your faucets and showerheads, you should talk to a plumber about installing a water softener to remove minerals from your water supply.

Rust

Another reason for low water pressure in your home is because of rust developing in your pipes. This will only occur with older, cast-iron pipes: newer copper and PVC pipes are immune to rusting. Rust flakes can clog up your pipes and impede the flow of water. You will be able to tell if you have rust in your plumbing because the water flowing out of your taps will be a dark orange or brownish color, and should not be drank until the pipes have been replaced.

Leaks

The most serious cause for a sudden reduction in water pressure is because of a leak somewhere in your plumbing system. This can happen because of rust that has been able to develop of a longer period of time, or because of structural damage associated with water pressure that was too high or the simple age of your home's pipes. If a leak has occurred, you will likely be able to hear running water even when all taps and water fixtures are turned off, and may notice staining, discoloration, mold growth and strange odors in your home. You should turn the water supply to your home off at the first indication of a leak, and get in touch with a plumber to repair the damage as soon as you can.

Valve Damage

If none of the above problems were the cause for your low water pressure and addressing them did not help, the issue likely lies with a partially closed valve somewhere in your plumbing system. Sometimes, with age and stress, these valves can break or fail, partially closing and restricting the flow of water. The only course of action is to have a plumber inspect your system and determine where the faulty valve is, and then replace it.